Widget Manufacturing Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gadget Manufacturing - Case Study Example rom interests in Mexico, however were influenced by the worldwide downturn which decreased the Mexico GDP from a normal of 2.3 percent to a †6.5 percent. Notwithstanding the I.M confirmation that the firm will have elective techniques to lessen the FX in costs, for example, finance, buying, and rent costs, there are significant dangers included, which Arnold needs to address. In the wake of putting resources into Mexico, the gadget organization will encounter three sorts of cash instability dangers, which incorporate exchange presentation, interpretation introduction and financial introduction. The three significant dangers are not shrouded in the IM confirmation and consequently Arnold’s concerns are intelligent and legitimate. In before contributing, the Widget Manufacturing capital administration ought to examine the capital speculations associated with a bigger point of view. The principle point of the capital supervisory group is to guarantee that the estimation of the firm increments step by step and to maintain productivity. Along these lines, Arnold ought to consider a few different factors other than the money instability (FX rates); the components to be considered incorporate, yet not constrained to, Support capital, liquefaction esteem, account receivables and payables, and general dangers. Bolster capital is the advantageous assets that are required to improve profitability of the standard capital; they incorporate foundation, work, the executives and so on. Prior to contributing, Arnold ought to think about how conceivable it is, regardless of whether Widget Manufacturing will locate the ideal laborers, the board, and adequate framework system to help the proposed adventure. Additionally, he oug ht to think about the liquefaction/resale estimation of the venture, following the flourishing unsteady economy at the hour of dynamic; almost certainly, the capital will devalue after speculation. The hazard requires an indepth investigation of Mexico market to guarantee that the business withstands the opposition and draws in a sensible liquefaction esteem if there should be an occurrence of breakdown. Furthermore, creditor liability and record receivables

Cultural Difference in Malaysia

What are social contrasts among Malaysia and different nations? When all is said in done culture can characterize as a lifestyle and procedure of improvement of the character, soul, mind, and the human exertion in a network or bunch. Culture can be comprehended as the formation of human network in different structures, regardless of whether unmistakable or impalpable. Culture it’s significant on the grounds that it show the distinction between social orders to another general public. The social highlights are acquired through a learning procedure, practices of sharing and can't be isolated from language. We can't be denied that the Malaysian culture is totally different contrast with other countries.Malaysia is a multiracial nation living in agreement contrast with different nations. Among the three fundamental races in Malaysia are Malays, Chinese and Indian. Likewise, Malaysia is a country to roughly for 80 ethnic gatherings, particularly in East Malaysia including Baba and Nyonya, Kadazan and Iban. The aggregate of Malaysia’s populace is 28. 3 million of which 91. 8 % are national residents while 8. 2 % are non-resident. Moreover, indigenous individuals were 67. 4 %, of which 56. 4% are Malays ethnic and 11% of different locals. Around, the aggregate of Chinese ethnic in Malaysia’s populace is 24. %, 7. 3% are Indian with a sum of 1. 86 million individuals, while other race is 0. 7 %. Just about 85 % of Indians in Malaysia are Tamil people group. As far as religion, Islam is the official religion of the Government of Malaysia as subject under the Constitution and the most broadly declared religion with the extent of 61. 3 %. As multi-racial nation, different religions are polished are Buddhism, Christian and Hinduism. As far as language, Bahasa Malaysia is the official language of the nation. Be that as it may, different races are allowed to utilize their primary language like Chinese and Tamil.English a worldwide language which assume j ob as a second language in Malaysia and generally utilized in the fields of training, exchange and industry. Malaysia national populace rehearses are change as per their own religion. As per the act of Muslim devotees is to supplicate five times each day, fasting during the long stretch of Ramadan and eat fit food. Muslim adherents not permitted to drink liquor, eat pork, don't eat the substance of butchered creatures, taking and submitting sins. Buddhist confidence practice is to take off their shoes before entering the sanctuary and prostrate sculpture of Buddha.They are not permitted to execute every single living being, taking, lying and drinking liquor. Hindu individuals required to wash their feet before entering the sanctuary, fasting, tying a banana tree during strict function and wearing dark imprint (pottu) in brow for unmarried ladies, while for wedded ladies must wear red imprint called as kum. Hindu devotee don't permitted to drink liquor, taking , lying, give regard fo r guardians and don't permitted to eat meat in light of the fact that as indicated by their religion dairy animals considered as divine beings. Likewise, every strict wedding function is different.In Malay wedding service, marriage agreement and enthronement is significant practice that must be done in light of the fact that it’s a piece of wedding. For Buddhist, both lady of the hour and lucky man generally get the gift from the celestial. They likewise rehearsed tea savoring custom wedding service that means to reinforce family relationship. In Hindu wedding service, the essential observer of marriage is the holy fire (agni). Both lady of the hour and husband to be have to pivot the consecrated fire in round movement for multiple times. Malaysia culture depends on Malay culture as the first individuals of this region.Malay culture dependent on Sharia law and Islamic standards. Malay social give increasingly imperative to values and favored consideration, straightforwardness and agreement among relatives, neighbors and society. Model; all in all handshakes do the trick for the two people, albeit some Muslim women may recognize a prologue to a refined man with a gesture of her head and grin. The customary welcome of â€Å"salam† takes after a handshake with two hands however without the grip. The man offers two hands, gently contacts the guest's outstretched hands, and afterward carries his hands to his chest to mean, â€Å"I welcome you from my heart†.The guest ought to respond the â€Å"salam†. Besides, in Malaysia culture, the correct hand is constantly utilized when giving and getting objects like blessing or cash. Pointing is regularly done utilizing the thumb as utilizing the correct index finger is viewed as discourteous. Here is some broad blessing giving decorum. In Malay culture, whenever welcomed somebody home, don’t ever give pig and pooch toy to kids and don’t give any items that produced using pig skin. W hite and yellow wrapping ought to be evaded in light of the fact that white represents demise and grieving while yellow represents shade of royalty.In Chinese culture, if going to visit relative home, bring a little endowment of cake or organic products for kids. Giving blossom ought to be maintained a strategic distance from in light of the fact that bloom don't make great blessing and typically utilized at burial services. Other than that, the blessing should wrap with merry shading like red, pink or yellow aside from white, blue, or dark in light of the fact that represents grieving hues in Chinese culture. In Indian culture, the blessing ought to be given with the correct hand and not wrap the blessing with white and dark shading. In for the most part, the blessing ought not open when gotten to maintain a strategic distance from individuals think you are greedy.The way names are utilized additionally fluctuates between ethnicities. The Chinese individuals generally have 3 names. The family name is normally first name and two individual names. Model: Wong Jae Suk. Malay individuals don't have family names. Men use term â€Å"bin†, so Kamarul canister Mohamad is Kamarul the child of Mohamad. Rather ladies add their father’s name to their own name with the term â€Å"binti†. Indian individuals doesn’t use family name. Men use s/o to allude themselves as the child of their dad. Model: Ajay s/o Abishek. Culture and correspondence relies upon one another and have an equal relationship.According to Hall, â€Å"culture is correspondence, correspondence is culture†. This shows correspondence is two-way. Diverse culture held various qualities. The manner in which we impart depens on our way of life, rules and standards. For instance, American normally treats and traded with obscure individual. In the interim, The Malaysia doesn't like to treats or traded with stranger. This demonstrated Malaysia social and American social are very surprising. Malaysia rehearses gracious correspondence. For Malay society, associate obligingly significant and demonstrated our estimations of norms.For model, utilizing legitimate words when converse with somebody more seasoned than us like Sir or Madam. Other than that, culture is likewise appeared through verbal and non-verbal correspondence. Talk impolite and negative words are precluded. Malaysian customary social games are batu seremban, wau, mah-jong and kabadi. Batu Seremban and Wau is Malay customary games, Mahjong is Chinese conventional game, while Kabadi is Indian Traditional game. Batu Seremban otherwise called a Selambut. This game regularly played in relaxation time by young ladies, either exclusively or in gatherings. It’s for the most part utilizing glass marbels or little stones.Wau is known as kite and regularly played by rustic individuals. Wau made in different plan and has its own name like wau fit as a fiddle of brid, stingray, peacock and a lot more i n different shading. Nonetheless, Mahjong played by four individual and it includes system, strategies, aptitude and estimation. In Asia, mah-jong is additionally mainstream as betting. In kabadi, each group comprises of five players on the save seat and this game played for 20 minutes. A group will be sent forward to the opponent’s group, which intends to contact and push one of the players before turning around to his team.The players who have been moved by the rival group will be out and left the field. From part of the customary move, the different traditions and culture can be gained from different ethnic gatherings in Malaysia. Move can be characterized as a development of the body, legs and arms to the beat of the music. The conventional move has own motivation and clans. Instances of customary move in Malaysia are gamelan, zapin, kathak, mythical serpent move, kathak, bharathanatyam and some more. Zapin move is celebrated move in the province of Johor and as a rule ac ted in both formal and casual occasions like wedding or opening ceremony.Kathak move is one of the Indian traditional moves which are begun from Kerala. Kathak implies â€Å"art of the storytelling†. While, bharathanatyam it’s likewise Indian old style move dependent on Indian legends moving of sensational and enthusiastic. Loving mythical serpent move is a customary social move in China. Lion move and mythical serpent move frequently played on Chinese New Year. As an end, this conversation demonstrated drastically that Malaysia’s social altogether different contrast with different nations. It’s more follow to the customary, rule of the religion and give increasingly critical to standards, qualities and rules. I am exceptionally pleased to be a Malaysian.

Tips On How To Buy Professional College Paper

Tips On How To Buy Professional College PaperFor most of us, buying professional college paper is like buying a trendy pair of shoes. It might be the most expensive, but when it finally comes time to wear it, we find ourselves regretting not having bought it earlier in the fashion season. With this article, we will discuss some good tips on how to buy professional college paper.Today, professional paper usually comes in big envelopes and business men and women make sure they can do so with a single glance. But more often than not, they regretfully fail to see all the small details that make it look too busy. There is no need to be perfect. Just make sure you do not leave everything out of the paper design.The first thing that business men and women should do is to be able to open their paper easily. Try not to make your papers too heavy. If they are, you will surely be unable to handle it while writing and you might end up spilling the content inside.A really important job for all pr ofessionals is to find the best paper. A rule of thumb here is to use it only when you really need it. Just make sure you do not use it every day. In addition, you should never choose something that can be thrown away in just a few days. You might end up using it again, so it is better to keep the environment clean when you are using it.Another rule of thumb when you are looking for professional paper is that you should choose one that is worth its price. Be able to read your paper when you open it. So, you can already gauge the quality of the paper. If you find a high-quality paper, just add it into your stash.Quality and price are both factors that you should consider when you buy a professional paper. However, you have to be really careful on the value of the paper. You might find an excellent one that is very cheap. If you do not mind paying a high price, then get it.Most importantly, you should always try to get an idea of the quality of the professional paper before you buy it . Reading and evaluating the paper may be more expensive, but you will definitely find the best one if you are willing to do so. So, just take your time when looking for the best paper.Now that you know some good tips on how to buy professional paper, get out there and start making your paper dreams come true. It will help you save money in the long run. Of course, not everyone is able to do this and thus, do not give up.

Plagiarism Is More Effective Than Just Punishing Students

Later Draft Scott Jaschik discusses various situations of plagiarism in college in his article, â€Å"Winning Hearts and Minds in War on Plagiarism,† in order to argue that there are more efficient solutions to prevent plagiarism. Jaschik published this article in Inside Higher Ed, which is an online news source, that he cofounded, targeting first year English and college writing instructors. In the article, he explores different ways of preventing plagiarism and emphasizes the importance of academic integrity. By drawing on different instructor perspectives, he employs various situations such as an online student discussion board and an assignment to purposely plagiarize in order to highlight common issues with why students plagiarize. Jaschik†¦show more content†¦Although there still was some unintentional plagiarizing, the open-minded conversation between Hagopian and her students was more beneficial and effective for the students because it taught them the, â€Å"difference between deliberate fraud and failed apprenticeship† (Jaschik 262). This example strengthens Jaschik’s idea by specifically illustrating how first year writing instructors being more open minded towards plagiarism can be more beneficial for the students. Jaschik also describes another example with Roy Stamper, an associate writing director, who followed an online student discussion board where students discussed how they felt about plagiarizing which led Stamper to discover that â€Å"there was also a strong, intense reaction from other students – much of it critical† (263). Jaschik uses this to illustrate how â€Å"his lurking online raised many questions† and whether, â€Å"an intense workload puts an emphasis for students on efficiency as opposed to quality† (263-4). This example also strengthens Jaschik’s argument in that it appeals to the first year writing instructors by giving insight on various students’ opinions on plagiarizing. This is effective to the instructors because it allows them to learn some reasons why students plagiarize, such as being overloaded and not having enough time. Even Stamper himself asks, â€Å"Should writing instructors be looking toShow MoreRelatedWhy Universities Have Adopted Academic Integrity Policies1958 Words   |  8 PagesOften, having a college degree creates a sense of pride and accomplishment in an individual as well as the people around them. T hey are seen with more respect and admiration and are considered to be more successful. However, their degree would have no value if the university they attended was known for their lack of academic integrity. Cheating in universities has become a huge problem in today’s society. This is why universities have adopted academic integrity policies. This importance of honestyRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 PagesThe role of ethical theories in ethical reasoning and behavior within organizations - Research proposal Sigalit Pasternak, Phd student The Faculty of Management Tel Aviv University Supervisor: Dr. Ishak Saporta Introduction Business ethics is a specialized branch of ethics focusing on how moral standards apply to business organizations and behavior (Velasques, 1998). As such, it cannot be understood separately from the general ideas of ethics, and the general ethical theories apply to business ethicsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . 78 Total Quality Management (TQM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Sources of Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Effective Policy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Implementing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Steps in Making Decisions

What does #13#10 stand for, in Delphi code

Cryptic strings like 13#10 appear regularly within Delphi source code. These strings arent random gibberish, however — they serve an essential purpose for text layout. A control string is a sequence of one or more control characters, each of which consists of the # symbol followed by an unsigned integer constant from 0 to 255 (decimal or hexadecimal) and denotes the corresponding ASCII character. For example, to assign a two-line string to a Caption property of a TLabel control, use the following pseudocode: Label1.Caption : First line #13#10 Second line; The #13#10 part represents a carriage return line feed combination. The #13 is the ASCII equivalent of the CR (carriage return) value; #10 represents LF (line feed). Two more interesting control characters include: #0 — NULL character#9 — (horizontal) TAB

Exxon Valdez and the Recovery of Prince William Sound Essay

Exxon Valdez and the Recovery of Prince William Sound Approximately eleven years ago, an area of Alaskas southern coast known as Prince William Sound was a disaster area. A nauseating scent of rotting carcasses and oil filtered through the air. Sea birds screamed in anguish as they fought to survive with oil drenched feathers. Under the surface billions of organisms ceased to live due to the toxicity of the inescapable wrath of the blackened water. Prince William Sound had once been a place of beauty and grace, now it was home to an environmental deathbed. The media broadcast pictures of this nearly unbearable scene throughout the world. Most people, including myself, wondered if the ecological war zone would ever recover†¦show more content†¦Massive cleanup efforts were initiated within a few weeks of the spill and they continued at reduced levels for the next three years. Approximately 14% of the spilled oil was recovered by cleanup crews (Newsweek, p.50). As a result of these efforts and natural weathering, littl e oil from the spill remained in the affected area by 1992. However, according to the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration some oil residues are still found under the ocean surface in areas sheltered from wind and waves. Yet, these residues are highly weathered and the toxicity is reduced to levels tolerable by organisms in the water (7). Nonetheless, the magnitude and timing of the Exxon Valdez oil spill raised immediate concerns about possible effects on marine fish and wildlife and prospects that these effects might be long lasting. Professors John Wiens and David Page spent many years studying theses effects of the oil spill and they presented their findings at the International Oil Spill Conference in Seattle, March 8-11, 1999. Their findings contain the most recent results of the ongoing studies in Prince William Sound. Through extensive work with three different groups of animals affected by the spill, they have exhibited a remarkable recovery by the ecosystem of Prince William Sound (Wiens, Page et al.). The first species the scientists studied is pinkShow MoreRelatedThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Exxon-Valdez oil spill occurred on March 24, 1989, when the tanker Exxon Valdez, transporting oil from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The root cause of the accident was the captain. After passing through Valdez Narrows, pilot Murphy left the vessel and Captain Hazelwood took over the wheelhouse. It was Captain Hazelwood who made the decision to steer the ship off its normal path in order to avoid a run in with ice. ForRead More It’s Time to Stop Lying about Oil Spills Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmesmorize me to the point that I lose my perception of time. Just minutes after midnight on March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez super tanker collided with a reef in Prince William Sound of Alaska. Like poisonous blood from a dying, putrefying animal, oil spewed and flowed from the smashed ship. Over eleven million gallons of oil contaminated the life, air, land, and waters of the sound (Goldshore 32). I imagine oil spills to be somewhat cartoon-like. A thick, oozing, black blanket of deathRead More The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: News Media Fantasy versus Reality3455 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract: The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the news media’s depiction of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The coverage provided by the newspapers was compared to that of scientific journals to access their validity and insight. The reactions the coverage evoked on the public were also studied. The paper specifically addressed the media’s portrayal of the oil company versus that of environmental groups. It was found that the news media did not include the benefits the oil companyRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1581 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. Through the instances of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, the Kuwait Oil Fires, the Hurricane Katrina devastation and the Sydney Tar Ponds, this paper will develop an argument supporting the idea that governments should be given the responsibility to handle environmental hazards that result from the prior use of resources as well as environmental regulations that are no longer up to standard. Arguments/Examples I. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill To begin, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill was a man-made environmentalRead MoreEffects Of Glaciers On The Environment1071 Words   |  5 Pagesshapes and changes the landscape. Since Prince William Sound has so many glaciers feeding into its region it is an ideal area to observe.. Since glaciers are such influential masses in our environment it can be predicted that their retreat has direct impact in their region. Prince William Sound is located in Southeast Alaska and is in the Chugach National Forest. The Sound is home to a temperate rainforest and is over 2 million acres. Prince William Sound is home to around 150 glaciers, over 220Read MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Exxon Valdez A corporation has a moral duty to ensure that their products and operations do not cause harm to society and the environment. There are significant factors that must be taken into consideration to ensure the proper response is put forth if disaster rears its ugly head. Many times, when disaster strikes, companies do not always make the appropriate response, or they do not remediate the problem efficiently enough to maximize their efforts. The Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 is aRead MoreEssay Exxon Oil Spill991 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes happen, there is always losses of life. Many people are affected by it. There is always a price to pay. On March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilt all its oil into the ocean. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Going about twelve miles per hour, the doubt of a oil spill was highly unlikely. But, when the oil tanker hit Bligh Reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound, the worst oil spill in United States history occurred. Consequently, more than eleven million gallons of oil spued into the oceanRead MoreThe Alaska Lng Project, A Pipeline984 Words   |  4 Pagesoil transportation that is currently in place from the North Slope to the Valdez Marine Terminal. Many oil spills have occurred since it began transportation in 1977 such as the one that occurred in 2006 that went undetected for days resulting in 267,000 gallons of crude oil escaping into the environment (Barringer, 2006). Also, in 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil spill leaking an estimated 11 million gallons into Prince William Sound and contaminating 400 miles of coastline, decimating herring populationsRead MoreBioremediation Methods for Oil Spills4760 Words   |  20 Pages c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification IV. Recent Applications of Bioremediation Techniques and their Effectiveness 1. Amoco Cadiz 2. Exxon Valdez 3. Mega Borg 4. Apex Barges 5. Arabian Gulf War V. Conclusion Bibliography Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Abstract. The increasing number of marine oil spills asks for effective solutions for the environment. BioremediationRead MoreExxonmobil Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2359 Words   |  10 PagesCommunities and Shareholders: The impact of how ExxonMobil manage their interaction Exxon-Mobil is the world’s largest privately owned multi-national oil and gas company (Skjaerseth 2003). For companies as large as ExxonMobil, which possess considerable capital resources and are able to exert considerable power and influence, society is increasingly demanding that they behave in a socially responsible manner (Diara, Alilo, and McGuire 2004). There is a growing expectation that companies will adopt

Rebel Without a Cause Essay Example For Students

Rebel Without a Cause Essay Scaffold for Year 10 Oral Assessment Task Introduction: -introduce the value/values or idea/s you plan to talk about ? friendship Friendship is represented in both the 1967 novel The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton and the 1955 film Rebel without a Cause directed by Nicolas Ray. The value friendship is represented in The Outsiders through the Greasers gang, this includes; Pony boy, Johnny, Dally, Darry, Soda, Two-Bits Mathew and Randle. This value is represented in Rebel without a cause through Jim Stark, Judy, Plato and Jims dad. Part 1: Overview of the what the film is about (no more than 1 or 2 sentences) and the context of the film (2-3sentences) Rebel without a Cause is a film about a rebellious 17 year old teenager, James Jim Stark, who moves to Los Angeles with his parents, after an incident which happened at where he used to live. Here he meets two other teenagers that have their own problems at home, Judy and Plato. As they all form a bond of friendship, problems at home get worse for each character. -Where do we see this value in the film? Friendship is represented in two different forms in this film. We will write a custom essay on Rebel Without a Cause specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One form is between Buzz, Judy and their friends. This form of friendship is through peer-pressure, each character cannot be themselves, as they all pressure each other, to do things they each might not be comfortable with. This form of friendship contrasts with the friendship between Jim, Judy and Plato, as between these three characters the friendship is based on them, and they can all be themselves around one another, instead of pretending to be someone else. Jims dad has a different view on friendship though, he values traditional values, like sensibility and carefulness and he also wants him to choose his own friends. What film techniques are used to convey this value in these scenes? A high angle shot looking down at Plato while Jim, Judy and Plato explores the castle. This conveys that Plato is vulnerable, and he is like Jim and Judys child, and that they all have a strong relationship, often like a family, as their own families have problems. After Plato lights the lamp, he s ays we will be safe here, this is ironic as the castle is a dark and foreboding. What he says conveys that he trusts his safety in his friends. Eye level shots are used on Jim and Judy, to show that they are on the same level. How does the context of the film affect the way this value is represented? The context of the film affect the way friendship is represented because at this time of the post war period, friendship was very important to teenagers, because they are more freedom and independence and could spend more time away from their families. -What is the director’s purpose in representing the value in this way? The director Nicolas Ray attempts to convey that teenagers have different views about friendship and how important it is for all teenagers. Part 2 -Give a brief over view of the novel’s plot and context? The outsiders is a novel about a gang of lower class teenage boys called the greasers. They often fight with an upper class gang called socs. The boys do n’t have families or have many problems with them. Pony boy and Johnny are the youngest of the gang, after a fight with the socs, Johnny accidently kills one of them, him and Johnny runs away, eventually Johnny turns himself in while, and Pony boy is reunited with his family and friends. A while later Johnny dies, one of the other greasers, Dally commits suicide because he can’t live without Johnny In which part or parts of the novel is this value or idea conveyed to the reader? Friendship is represented in this novel through the greaser’s gang. Although they are all different ages they all stay friends. They support each other through hard family times, for example; during the novel. Friendship is especially shown when Ponyboy runs away to hide with Johnny, so that Johnny don’t get into trouble with the police after killing a socs. Johnny shows that he cares about Ponyboy, but taking him back home to be with his two brothers. .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .postImageUrl , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:hover , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:visited , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:active { border:0!important; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:active , .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5 .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0775f0c252261d7892366e0bb68777a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Civilian Conservation Corps EssayAt the end of the novel, friendship is shown by Dally, committing suicide, as he can’t handle to live without Johnny. -How is it conveyed? (refer to language techniques) -How does the context of the novel affect the way this value or idea is represented This novel was set during the post war period, this was a time when independence and rebelling against parents and law was more important than doing the right thing, during these times of independence, and teenagers needed friendship more than anything else. What is the author’s purpose in representing the value in the way? -Is the novel making the same point about the valu e or ideas as the film? If so, how? If it is making a different point about the value or idea, how is it different? The novel ‘the outsiders’ is making the same point about friendship as the film ‘rebel without a cause’ as they both convey the idea that during this time, friendship was very important to all teenagers as they are more independent and spend more time away from their families, and aren’t as close. Conclusion: In your conclusion, you should explain the points you have made support your overarching argument or thesis statement about your chosen value or idea. You should use your evidence to make a final statement about what the composer of each text is saying about American society at the time in which the text is set and whether the two texts are saying similar or different things about the nature of 20th century American society.

The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point Essay Example

The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point Paper Alex Griffen P6 9/28/11 The American Revolution was a major turning point in American history and greatly affected Americas future. The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, to become the United States of America. It fundamentally changed the American society politically, socially and economically by the establishments of the Declaration of Independence and conflicts over stronger states rights or stronger central government, paper currency, womens rights and slavery. The American Revolution brought enormous effects on the Americans society polticially by new means of government. One major approach to endure in this change was the Declaration of Independence. George Washington declared a change in the society because he thought it was time to become independent from the Britains crown. If men were angels, no government would be necessary. This statement supports the reason of wanting independence because being under the Britains crown was unfair and Americans did not want that type of government any more. This action also led to the American colonies wanting to self-govern their own society. After the Declaration of Independence the United States of America now had to decide what type of government would watch over this new country. After the Constitution, the writers of the Constitution debated over a strong central government versus strong states. The Federalist Party supported a strong central government and was made up of mostly Northern industrialists. The Southern plantation owners mostly supported the Democratic-Republicans who stood for states rights. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Democratic-Republicans thought that a state had the right to overrule a Federal law if they thought it did agree with the state constitution. The Northern states argued that the Federal government had declared slavery illegal and the Southern states argued that they were independent of the Federal government and could make their own laws. Paper currency in American society of the time period was not established as a reliable currency for the economy. At first, the paper currency was not worth any amount at all. This was not working out because money had no value which led to confusion of the value of money. Some Americans were crying out for paper currency. This quote supports the feeling that the Americans had on paper currency because they believed if they had a printed document that states to be owned and published as their own, it would lean on toward of being independent from Britain. The First Bank of the United States, chartered in 1791, and the Coinage Act of 1792, began the era of a national American currency. The Constitution denied individual states the right to coin and print money. Another problem was that the British successfully waged economic warfare by counterfeiting Continentals on a large scale. Continentals were worth 1/40th of their face value by 1778 and this cause the currency to be worthless. The currency was soon to be taken out of circulation. Being under the Britains crown was compared to slavery and women in American society did not have many rights. Women had not rights in any part of the community unless they were widows. Women in the colonies were compared as being a dog on a leash and demanded not to speak a word unless spoken too. The women were fed up because they felt as if they should not even appear in public since they had no rights. As Molly Wallace clearly explained, ught ever to appear in so public a manner,. This shows how women in the society felt useless and unimportant because they had no roles. Also women wanted the same rights as men. Women in the society was just fed up and wanted equality. Slavery played a big role before the American Revolution in North America for mostly farmers of the south. The Britains always thought of an easier way to con duct tasks. One task they wanted to make easier was labor, which pin pointed to slavery. The British thought if slaves were placed in their society they would be free of labor and money because slaves did not need much. The Americans thought different. They felt as if all men should be created equal and have the same rights. Which this fact supports the meaning of the Declaration of Independence. The Americans exclaimed that there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,. This supports the beliefs of the Americans not wanting slavery and the way they wanted to control their lands. The Revolution had contradictory consequences for slavery. In the South, slavery became more entrenched. In the North, every state freed slaves as a result of court decisions or the enactment of gradual emancipation schemes. Yet even in the North, there was strong resistance to emancipation and freeing of slaves was accompanied by the growth of a virulent form of racial prejudice. There were many factors that fundamentally changed the American society during the American Revolution. Having the Declaration of Independence, paper currency, limitation on womens rights and slavery were just a few of those factors that sculpted the American Society. Although America had found shape as an independent nation, many changes were soon to come after the American Revolution.

illustrator essays

illustrator essays Eric Carle is an acclaimed creator of innovatively illustrated picture books for very young children. His best-known work, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, has been translated into more than 30 languages and sold over eighteen million copies. Since the Caterpillar was published in 1969, Carle has illustrated and wrote more than seventy books, many of which were best sellers. Carle was born in Syracuse, New York, in 1929 and later moved to Germany with his parents where he was educated and eventually graduated from the prestigious art school, the Akademie der bildenden Kunste. However, he had a dream to always return to America, the land of his happiest childhood memories. In 1952 with a well-developed portfolio, he returned to New York. There he found a job as a graphic designer in the promotion department of The New York Times. In the mid 1960s, Carle became the art director for an advertising agency. While there Bill Martin Jr. saw an ad of a red lobster that Carle had designed for an advertisement and was impressed enough to ask Carle to illustrate Martins book Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? . This experience brought back memories of large sheets of paper, colorful paints, and fat brushes from his earlier school years. He was opened to something special that would change his life. This was the beginning of Eric Carles true career. Carle soon found that illustrating alone was not entirely satisfying and wanted to try writing as well. He began to make rough books of his ideas and stored them in a small cardboard box. When he illustrated an historical cookbook, the editor heard about his box of ideas and asked to see them. He submitted 1,2,3 to the Zoo. He then showed the editor a story about a worm that ate holes through the pages. This was how The Very Hungry Caterpillar was born. Almost without trying, Carle had become an author and illustrator of books for children. ...

The Arab Gulf States Domestic Stability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Arab Gulf States Domestic Stability - Essay Example The above quote, while lengthy, is pertinent to the focus of this study. It very accurately explains the degree to which the security and political structure of the Arabian Gulf is changing and draws attention to the potential for further change. The Gulf states, as indicated, are living a volatile period wherein changes tend towards the revolutionary, as opposed to the evolutionary. If anything, this highlights the vulnerabilities to which these states are currently exposed and underscores the imperatives of adopting measures which are designed to minimize the threats emanating from these vulnerabilities or, at least, manage their potential for inducing domestic stability within Gulf states and across the Gulf regime. Instability within the Arabian Gulf has far-reaching consequences. ... Besides oil, the Gulf region also has sizeable reserves (2,509 trillion cubic feet - Tcf) of natural gas, accounting for 41 percent of total proven world gas reserves".4 Ensuring the free and stable flow of the oil from the region to the world at large is the primary goal of the western states. Instability in the region or the collapse of any of the Gulf regimes would detrimentally impact upon the global economy and the consequences would not, under any circumstances, be confined to the region. Instead, western economies would totter on the brink of disaster and governments would flounder. The security of the Gulf, therefore, is of primary concern to Western nations and, indeed, as former U.S. President Jimmy Carter once said, is integral to the national security of Western nations, chief amongst which is the United States.5 For the Gulf states, however, having a healthy relationship without any mistrust among regional states, is the primary objective. Mistrust "Trust means to believe that someone is honest and will not harm you, cheat you etc."6 Unfortunately, however, mistrust was injected into the relationship between the Arab Gulf States members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)7 and Iran, after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The said mistrust significantly increased in the wake of the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s. While the majority of GCC member states stood with Iraq against Iran in that war, it is believed that this stance contributed to the generation of mistrust between both sides until today. The aforementioned, alongside Iran's historic regional ambitions, combined with the improvement in the relationship between the Arabs and the West, especially the United States of America, only compounded the mistrust. The fact that

The Pearl - John Steinbeck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pearl - John Steinbeck - Essay Example The story takes a turn when the son of Kino named Coyotito gets stung by a scorpion; however he feels helpless when he doesn’t have enough money to pay the doctor for the treatment. The story reaches its climax when Kino finds a huge pearl in the sea which he perceives as a life changing chip towards an extravagant lifestyle. However, as soon as the news reaches the people of the town conspiracies and evil plots overhaul the scenario, and a serious threat strikes Kino owing much to the valuable asset he now owns. Bewildered by the situation, his partner Juana steals the pearl and throws it into the ocean, and when Kino discovers the fact he leaves her back to the ocean, and only takes her back when she recovers the pearl. Soon, they decide to leave for the capital as they weren’t getting the desired value for the pearls in the town and on their way they come across trackers who end up killing their son. Hopeless and full of regret, the couple returns to the town and Kin o throws away the pearl into the ocean himself, as he realizes how the greed corrupted his soul and brought him to the edge of the life he was standing on then. He then remembers the words of his father describing how bad things are bound to happen when the station of life is disturbed. The book can be analyzed in many different layers and all of them carry distinct messages regarding the possession and the pursuit of wealth. Every character is symbolic for a value or for an element of lust, and every phase of the story is unique for the essence it portrays reflecting the evils associated with capitalism. The title of the novel in itself symbolized the message he wants to convey, i.e. a pearl can be associated with many different values or even assets. A pearl can symbolize beauty, at the same time wealth and lust as it possesses the shine as well as the monetary value which anyone would drool for. The title is the perfect choice for the writing as it complements the theme of the bo ok, and provokes the readers as the interpretation is left totally upon the readers. The story is merely a journey of a mediocre individual who is a part of a larger social spectrum, living in the town called La Paz situation in Mexico, who strives hard to cash the pearl he finds in the ocean but in the struggle he ends up losing everything, and is left with nothing but regret. The story in itself is a depiction of the perils of capitalism, as it defines the perimeters of a good life not by virtue of emotional satisfaction in fact by acquiring a lot of wealth to be able to afford the luxuries of life. Capitalism is itself a corrupt system, as it creates class differences in the society where the worth of an individual is weighed against the amount of money they own. This creates a feeling of restlessness amongst the individuals who lie at the lower end of the spectrum, thus in the struggle for acquiring money they tend to corrupt themselves in order to comply by the system. That is exactly what Kino did, as he was helpless against the power which money carries, and the greed compelled him to even kill people who came in his way. Thus, Kino is a perfect illustration of a pure individual who ends up losing his values and even his child as he gets corrupted by the corrupt system. It all started when the doctor refused to treat his child as he was demanding a higher amount as his worth was much higher. The doctor is representing the powerful and the corrupt segment of the society who controls the resources

Finance & Strategic Management Essay Example for Free

Finance Strategic Management Essay Over the past decades the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has continued to grow in importance and significance due to external pressure of diverse stakeholders, and has thereby become more prominent on companies’ agendas (Carroll Shabana, 2010; Beurden Gossling, 2008). The concept of CSR has been subject to considerable debate, commentary, theory building and continues research (Carroll Shabana, 2010). The question, of whether CSR investments result in financial and social benefits that outweigh its costs, is intensively scrutinized in existing literature (Schreck, 2001; Carroll Shabana, 2010). Adherents of CSR argue that it is in the long-term self-interest of corporations to be socially involved (Carroll Shabana, 2010; Barnet 2007). The overall logic is that CSR increases the trustworthiness of firms and strengthens the relationships with stakeholders. CSR may further result in decreased transaction costs and thereby improved corporate financial performance (CFP), by decreasing employee turnover, reducing operating costs, as well as functioning as a buffer in disruptive events (Carroll Shabana, 2010; Barnet, 2007). Barnett (2007) and Schreck (2011) argue that, if the financial benefits of CSR meet or exceed the costs, CSR can be justified as a rational investment. According to Kurucz, Colbert and Wheeler (2008), firms may attain four distinct benefits from engaging in CSR; cost and risk reduction; gaining competitive advantage; developing reputation and legitimacy; and seeking win–win outcomes through synergistic value creation. Critics of CSR typically use classical economic arguments, articulated most forcefully by Friedman (Carroll Shabana, 2010). Traditionally, the expenditures of CSR are considered an illegitimate waste of resources, which conflict with a firm’s responsibility to its shareholders (Schreck, 2011, Barnet, 2007). According to Friedman (1970) â€Å"There is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Friedman further argued that, social issues are not the concern of business people, and â€Å"the business of business is business† (Carroll Shabana, 2010). Even though CSR have been subject to critique, an increasing number of corporations are accepting responsibilities that extend well beyond the immediate interest of the owners, by considering â€Å"non-shareholder stakeholders’ concerns† (Grant, 2010; Clegg, Carter, Kornberger Schweitzer, 2011). Although the existence, direction and strength of possible links between CSR and CFP have been the subject of several empirical analyses (Schreck, 2011), and even though CSR is almost universally practiced, the results from empirical studies are inconclusive (De Bakker, Groenewegen Hond, 2005). After more than thirty years of research, it cannot clearly be concluded, whether a one-dollar investment in social initiatives returns more or less, than one dollar in benefits to shareholders (Barnet, 2007; Surroca Tribo Waddock, 2008). The inconclusiveness of empirical studies may be due to unclear and inconsistent definitions of key terms (De Bakker, Groenewegen Hond, 2005; Barnet, 2007), methodological differences (Carrol Shabana, 2010), and diverse approaches of measuring CSR and CFP (Beurden Gossling, 2008). In existing literature, CSR activities are often entioned to reduce risk, by avoiding the various consequences of moral disapproval by numerous stakeholders (Zadek, 2000). However, CSR derived risk reductions are considered as an ex-post beneficial outcome and not as a proactive risk management instrument to control or reduce idiosyncratic risk (firm specific). Under the assumption that, shareholders are risk adverse and prefer a high expected return (Bodie, Kane Marcus, 2011; Brealey, Myers Allen, 2011), a reduction of firm specific risk must be perceived as favorably. Provided that CSR investments can be applied as a risk management tool, CSR could be seen as investments by firms on behalf of its shareholders. Taking a shareholder perspective, this paper looks beyond the socially good deed of CSR, and focuses on the value of CSR as a method to reduce idiosyncratic risk without detriment of CFP. CSR and Risk Management Since this paper hypothesizes that, CSR can be applied as a risk management instrument to preserve CFP, risk need to be defined. Risk can be defined as the uncertainty about outcomes or events, especially with respect to the future (Orlitzky Benjamin, 2001). Widely risk management is defined as a managerial tool to avoid risk, transfer risk to another party, reduce risk, or in some cases accepting consequences of a certain risk (Froot, Scharfstein Stein, 1994). A shareholder’s perspective on risk management however, conflicts with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) (Markowitz, 1952) and the Modigliani Miller’s theorem on capital structure (1958). CAPM theory states that, the cost of reducing idiosyncratic risks simultaneously reduces the expected return, and hence firm value (Markowitz, 1952). Risk reduction by holding a well-diversified portfolio of securities will be unattainable by risk management (Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009), why a profit-maximizing investor would not prefer risk management. Total firm risk is in general the combination of systematic and unsystematic risk (Hoje Haejung, 2012). Systematic risk, often referred to as market risk or non-diversifiable risk, is usually defined as the firm’s sensitivity to changes in the market average returns, which cannot be reduced by diversification of shareholders (Weber, 2008; Luo Bhattacharya, 2009; Orlitzky Benjamin, 2001). Unsystematic risk is defined as idiosyncratic risk (Hoje Haejung, 2012; Luo Bhattacharya, 2009). Idiosyncratic risk is traditionally viewed as indifferent to the portfolio investors, since it is associated with specific companies and thereby can be reduced by diversified portfolios (Husted, 2005; Weber, 2008). Opposing idiosyncratic risk is of great relevance to the firm manager, whose very survival may depend upon taking adequate measures to reduce the idiosyncratic risk (Husted, 2005). Firms’ financial risk is often defined in terms of variability of returns (Orlitsky Benjamin 2001), or stock price volatility (Luo Bhattacharya, 2009), which is important risk measures, given that higher volatility implies greater investment risk and uncertain future cash flows (Luo Bhattacharya, 2009; Oikonomou, Brooks Pavelin, 2012). A reduction in idiosyncratic risk reflects reduced variance in the future expected cash flows, which translates into greater shareholder wealth (Luo Bhattacharya, 2009; Mishra Modi, 2012). In a strict Modigliani and Miller perspective, risk-management instruments are of no value, since these are purely financial transactions that do not affect the value of a company’s operating assets (Froot, Scharfstein Stein, 1994). The views of CAMP and Modigliani and Miller have been superseded by a postmodern view of risk management as an important strategic tool. Firms do invest in insurances even though the costs of these investments may be in excess of expected losses, which is in clear violation with the perfect market assumption (Smith Stulz, 1985; Stultz, 2002). If risk management can reduce firms’ exposure to idiosyncratic risks, it protects shareholders against the deadweight costs of severe financial distress in a way, that investors can not accomplish in the market by diversifying (Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009). Review of the linkage between CSR and risk For several decades, researchers have aimed at discovering a conclusive linkage between CSR and CFP, the literature however, remains highly fragmented (Aguinis Glavas 2012). According to Orlitsky Benjamin (2001) true economic performance manifests itself in both high financial returns and low financial risk. Among financial and non-monetary benefits, risk reduction is often mentioned as a positive outcome of engaging in CSR activities. Porter and Kramer (2006) argue that, today’s pressure, of external stakeholders to hold companies accountable for social issues, learly demonstrate the potential large financial risks for any corporation. Several scholars emphasize, that the costs of CSR can be justified by reductions in risk and costs derived from engagement in social issues (Caroll Shabana, 2010). The primary argument is that the diverse demands of stakeholders represent potential threats and risks to the viability of the firm, why it is the economic interest of firms to mitigate these threats and gain legitimacy through social involvement (Caroll Shabana, 2010; Schreck, 2011; Kurucz, Colbert Wheeler 2008). Existing literature on the CSR-risk relationship is virtually unanimously agreeing upon a negative correlation between CRS and idiosyncratic risk, where empirical results show that CSR lowers idiosyncratic risk (Spicer, 1978; Orlitsky Benjamin, 2001; Godfrey, 2005; Hoje Haejung, 2012; Caroll Shabana, 2010; Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009; Heal, 2005; Luo Bhattacharya, 2012; Oikonomou, Brooks Pavelin, 2012; Berman, Wicks, Kotha Jones, 1999; Hart, 1995; Shrivastava, 1995; Peloza, 2006). Several studies have also shown a significant negative relationship between CSR and systematic risk (non-diversifiable) (Hoje Haejung 2012; Orlitzky Benjamin, 2001; Mcguire, Sungren Scneewies, 1988; Luo Bhattacharya, 2009). CSR reduces idiosyncratic risk by reducing the probabilities of expected financial, social, or environmental crisis that could adversely influence firms’ cash flows (Hoje Haejung, 2012). Firms perceived as socially responsible may be able to increase interpersonal trust among stakeholders, build social capital, lower transaction costs, and therefore ultimately reduce uncertainty about future financial performance (Orlitzky Benjamin, 2001). Luo and Bhattacharya (2009) present the view of CSR, as helping the firm build a bulwark of defense against future losses of economic value by reducing firm specific risk and vulnerability of future cash flows. Firms with high social responsibility may have lower financial risk, since these are less sensitive to certain negative external events, like regulatory governmental intervention, undesirable publicity, probability of civil- and criminal legal proceedings or consumer boycotts, why risk reduction can be seen as a monetary benefit of CSR (Mcguire, Sungren Scneewies, 1988; Oikonomou, Brooks Pavelin, 2012; Weber, 2008; Orlitzky Benjamin, 2001; Mcguire, Sungren Scneewies, 1988). Participation in specific types of CSR, those aimed at a firm’s secondary stakeholders or society as a whole, is argued to create a form of goodwill or positive â€Å"philanthropic moral reputational capital†, which functions as an insurance-like protection, when negative events occur (Godfrey, 2005; Peloza, 2006). When business activity creates negative impact on society, stakeholders respond by sanctioning the firm (Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009). It is argued that the goodwill, derived from engagement in CSR, reduces the overall severity of the sanctions, by encouraging stakeholders to give the firm ‘the benefit of the doubt‘(Godfrey, 2005; Uzzi, 1997; Peloza, 2006; Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009). The resultant moral capital gained from social engagement has little to do with generating financial value, but the insurance-like protection contributes with preserving shareholder value and thereby financial performance (Godfrey, Merrill Hansen, 2009). Mishra and Modi (2012) fund a significant effect on idiosyncratic risk, when CSR is applied, the authors however enhanced this result by finding that, positive CSR reduces idiosyncratic risk, while negative CSR increases idiosyncratic risk. Literature has, according to Mishra and Modi (2012), often a singular focus on positive CSR, and overlooks that firms also occasionally engage in activities that qualifies as negative CSR. Luo and Bhattacharya (2009) and Porter and Kramer (2006) argue that CSR is not beneficial in all situations, but is rather advantageous in some contexts and disadvantageous in others and can even lead to additional risk. This is in line with Barnet (2007), who argues that stakeholders’ perception of firms’ CSR engagement are path-dependent (Barnet, 2007; Luo Bhattacharya, 2009; Hoje Haejung, 2012). For firms with social negative impact or prior bad reputation, CSR may be perceived as â€Å"blood money† to mitigate past sins, omissions or shortcomings (Luo Bhattacharya, 2009; Barnet 2007). CSR can thereby lead to reduced idiosyncratic risk, but can also expose a firm to additional risk (Weber, 2008; Barnet, 2007). Discussion Even though the CSR-risk relationship have received much attention in the existing literature, managing risk as the predominantly basic for engaging in CSR has not received specific attention. Focus within the field is on ex-post measures of risk-related benefits, where CSR is not valued as a proactive tool to reduce idiosyncratic risk. Existing research does not seem to provide any practical guidance to managerial proactive evaluations of the risk reductions derived from CSR involvement. It further lacks a practical framework to ex-ante quantify the risk related benefits of CSR (Weber, 2008). The above review demonstrates the focus on risk, solely as valuable side-effect of engaging in CSR activities. The authors of the paper posit a research gap exists within the existing literature of CSR and risk: CSR is not considered as a proactive ex-ante risk management instrument to control and reduce firm risk. Given the risk reducing benefits of CSR, the authors suggest that investments in CSR can be used as a proactive risk management instrument to reduce idiosyncratic risk. Such an approach could strengthen the overall CSR involvement and support rational ex-ante decision-making in this area (Weber, 2008). The aim is to draw a much-need attention to the risk-reduction potential of CSR by viewing CSR investments as a proactive risk management tool, where managing risk is the main purpose for engaging in CSR. Empirical resolving the research gap and verifying the hypothesis is beyond the scope of this paper. The authors however, suggest that a potential solution is to apply real option theory as a basis for proactive CSR risk management decision-making. CSR as a real option Attributable to the aforementioned arguments, the function of CSR as a risk management tool can be considered as a real option. Regular options are based on securities (financial instruments), whereas real options are based on hedging against uncertainties in real investment projects (Mun, 2002). An analysis of the costs and benefits of CSR projects, using traditional NPV models, often leads to a rejection, as these fail to contribute to maximizing shareholder value (Friedman, 1962). This is, nevertheless, not always the right decision, as the NPV approach fails to incorporate the main advantage of real options (Husted, 2005). Compared to the traditional NPV approach, real options offer management flexibility through multiple decision-making in situations with high uncertainty. Managers have the option, but not the obligation, to engage in, modifying or end strategies, as new information becomes available (Mun, 2002). A CSR option offers the choice of deferring, abandoning, expanding, or staging an investment project (Amram Howe, 2003). Due to the theoretical and mathematical complexity of option theory, which is beyond the scope of this scientific paper, option theory will be described on an incomprehensive level. In brief option pricing is a function of five variables: the value of the underlying asset, the exercise price, time to exercise, the risk-free interest rate, and the volatility of the underlying asset (Black Scholes, 1973). The value of the underlying asset is the resources resulted from the CSR option, such as qualified employees, PR and cost avoiding’s etc. Husted, 2005). The exercise price refers to the required additional investments needed for receiving the value created by the CSR option. The timing of the exercise is an essential variable, as it has great effect on the value of CSR options. The risk-free interest rate does not play an important role in most real options (Mun, 2002). The volatility or the uncertainty of the underlying asset has a significant impact on the value of CSR options (Mun, 2002). The variance of the expected value can both be higher or lower than the expected return. Black and Scholes is the most widely used regular option pricing model, however, also one of the most complicated models (Mun, 2002). A Binomial lattice approach is applied in most real option pricing, as it provides a more transparent and intuitive appeal compared with Black and Scholes’ theoretical and mathematical approach (Mun, 2002). However, since the aim is solely to clarify the value of real options in a CSR context, the choice of approach is of less relevance. Real options provide an important framework for firms to manage risk by reducing the risk of future investments, and can thus be an essential tool in corporate risk management (Husted, 2005). Finally, a real CSR option explicitly includes a time dimension. This ex-ante perspective is clearly different from the focus on risk in most CSR-risk research, which is ex post in nature. CSR as a risk management instrument – The Toyota example A few decades ago, car manufacturers did not focus so intensively on a green profiling as they do today. The increased oil prices in 1973 and 1979 were influential for the entry of Japanese car manufacturers in USA, who were producing smaller and more gas efficient cars (Andrews, Simon, Tian Zhao, 2011). The gas efficient cars of Japanese manufactures were causative to the car industry as a whole subsequently invested massively in green technology projects. These investments have met consumers’ need and have generated positive branding values. Toyota’s Prius has reached â€Å"cult status†, as it is one of the most gas efficient and green cars on the market. However, more interestingly is the security, that the green profile of the Prius has offered Toyota, which includes protection against the bad publicity of car manufacturers’ contribution to pollution and factors such as Middle Eastern conflicts that influence oil prices and hence sales of cars. At first glance, it appears as Toyota has been skilled at forecasting future trends and meeting customer’s needs without using CSR as management instrument. As the following example however illustrates, Toyota’s management could have benefitted from considering investments in CSR as real options to control idiosyncratic risk and thereby preserve CFP. In 2009 repeated accidents occurred, which were accused to be caused by flaws in floor mats and accelerator pedals in Toyota’s vehicles. This resulted in a recall of more than 5 million vehicles, alone in the North American market (Andrews, Simon, Tian Zhao, 2011). Before a product is recalled, companies have to make severe considerations. A product-recall can have great financial impact in terms of losses in brand value, consumer goodwill, decreasing sales and a negative effect on stock prices (Kumara Schmitza, 2011), which in this case is the value of the underlying asset of the CSR option. The decision to recall the cars is the price of the option. The recall option could have generated strategic flexibility, which however, meanwhile was eliminated, as Toyota’s management failed to exercise the option, before it was too late. The leisurely recall decision resulted in losses in brand value, consumer goodwill, decreased stock price, lower sales, a fine of $16 million and more than 130 potential class-action lawsuits (Andrews, Simon, Tian Zhao, 2011). The negative outcome of the late recall is considered as high volatility of the underlying asset. A faster recalling could have had a avoiding, a limited or opposite effect on product brand, consumer goodwill and the massive media coverage (Husted, 2005). Provided that Toyota’s management had viewed the recall decision as a valuable option rather than severe costs, strategic flexibility could have been obtained, why the negative outcome may have been avoided. A faster exercise of the recall option might have resulted in goodwill or trust, which could have been exploited by Toyota to limit the negative publicity caused by the repeated accidents. Toyota however, failed to exercise the recall option in acute time, why the result was lost flexibility to respond to the unexpected event of the accidents. The value of the real option foregone by Toyota was a function of inter alia lost sales, brand value and reputation. Toyota’s management failed to exploit the advantages of CSR as a risk management tool.

recruits :: essays research papers

The Army announced yesterday that it missed its recruiting goal for the fourth consecutive month, a deepening manpower crisis that officials said would require a dramatic summer push for recruits if the service is to avoid missing its annual enlistment target for the first time since 1999. The Army will make a "monumental effort" to bring in the average 10,000 recruits a month required this summer, said Maj. Gen. Michael D. Rochelle, head of the Army's recruiting command. An additional 500 active-duty recruiters will be added in the next two months -- on top of an increase of 1,000 earlier this year. The Pentagon is also considering asking Congress to double the enlistment bonus it can offer to the most-prized recruits -- from $20,000 to $40,000 -- and to raise the age limit for Army active-duty service from 35 to 40, he said. "The challenge is one of historic proportions," Rochelle said, acknowledging that he is not sure whether the traditional summer surge in Army recruits will take place, or how large it might be. Violent, long deployments to Iraq and a sound job market at home have combined to reduce what the Army calls the "propensity to enlist" -- the percentage of young Americans willing to consider Army service -- which dropped from 11 percent last year to about 7 percent this year. "What I don't know, in all candor, is how the reduced propensity will dampen" the recruiting prospects of summer, Rochelle said in an interview. "I wish the summer period were about twice as long." The Army's recruiting difficulties are only expected to grow. "Next year promises quite frankly, given the size of our entry pool, to be an even tougher fight," he said. "God forbid a downward trend" in the willingness to serve, he added. The Army missed its May active-duty recruiting goal of 6,700 by 1,661 recruits, pushing the shortfall for fiscal 2005 to 8,321 -- or more than a month's worth of recruits. The shortfall would have been 37 percent if the Army had not lowered its May goal. Overall, the Army has sent 40,964 enlistees to boot camp, and has four months to nearly double that figure to reach the 80,000 goal for this fiscal year. Army, Navy and Marine Corps reserve forces also missed their goals for May. Army National Guard enlistments for the month fell short by 29 percent, Army Reserves by 18 percent, Marine Corps Reserves by 12 percent and Navy Reserves by 4 percent, according to figures released yesterday by the Pentagon.

Culture and Diversity in Decision Making Essay

The definition of the mission and goals of the enterprise is the foundation for any business. Mission – is the answer to the question, what is the activity of the company is and what it intends to do. Procter & Gamble has a pretty clear statement: â€Å"We are there to improve your life† After the mission, the organization needs to define the purpose. In this case, the goal – to produce goods and services of the highest quality and customer value that improve the lives of today’s and future generations around the world. Consumers help to take a leading position in terms of sales, to ensure the prosperity of the business that contributes to the well-being of employees and shareholders, as well as those areas where employees live and work. The goal unites workers for the common cause of the growth strategy. It has great potential due to a simple idea to improve on daily lives of consumers around the world. It is this setting allows P ; G to achieve maximum f ull growth. So, from the above we can highlight the important goals of the company: A. Providing quality products, customer focus; B. Creating a stable, growing company. 3. About the P;G company’s culture signs. The company provides a certain amount of self – dependence divisional governance structure that provides greater flexibility and faster response to changes in the business environment compared to the linear and linear- staff. Managerial responsibility for the activities of the company both in the domestic and foreign market is shared between them. This type of structure combines centralized coordination and control of centrally managed. Key figures in the management of an organization with a divisional structure – not heads of functional units, and the managers in charge of the production department, the so-called divisions. The company groups are formed by categories, each of which includes experts in marketing, sales and advertising. These narrow specialists provide each its part under the direct control of the manager category. The level of the manager is very high. 4. Factors that caused the organization to embody this particular culture. P;G company has been working toward keeping its reputation and standards in all field. Since it was established, P;G has built rich heritage of touching consumers’ lives with brands that make life a little better every day. Here is to motto says â€Å"Do the Right Thing – For each other† The culture of the company is based on the basic moral and ethical values – leadership, striving for the victory, the host’s respect, honesty and trust. These values are not something abstract – they define the actions of the company. 5. What type of leader would be the best? In my opinion there are many reasons that this leader structure will be effective. First, as part of a huge company it managed to create an environment where every employee is interesting to work with. The responsibility of each employee, including the manager is the main driving force effectiveness. And this is the result of the constructed system of management, whose main task is to create conditions for the moral and material interests of each employee. Second, the complexity of management and collective management style in this company is proposed to use a single control method. The management system is structured in a complex of  functional subsystems. That is, they include highlights key subsystems within each of which formed goals, measurable indicators are introduced, developed a system for calculating them are formalized standards, business processes and organizational procedures. Disconnected from the management of the business functions of the company’s managers are moving to a collective system of integrated management of business functions. 6. Imagine that there is a decline in the demand of products. What the change in culture would be need to be in response to this situation. I think company’s CEO should work with the sale’s department. Look up their regular planning and control of the department and its employees, hiring, selection and adaptation of staff; employee motivation, training, exchange of experience, the general debriefing, evaluation of the department, the calculation of cost of sales, cost of sales regulation, evaluation of individual performance of employees. In one word they have to find out their mistake and fix it, because without a reason demand not decreasing itself. References CNBC television channel – Documentary film about Procter ; Gamble company. Retrieved from http://www.hulu.com/watch/286095 Charan, R. (2008, August 26). P;G’s innovation culture: How we built the world-class organic growth engine by investing in people. Retrieved from http://www.strategy-business.com/article/08304?pg=all Procter and Gamble. (2013). Our worldwide business conduct manual. Retrieved from http://www.pg.com/en_US/downloads/company/governance/Policy_Worldwide_Business Conduct_Manual.pdf Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Organizational behavior (12th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley ; Sons, Inc

Fascinating Facts About Caterpillars

Surely youve seen a caterpillar in your lifetime, and youve probably even handled one, but how much do you know about Lepidopteran larvae? These cool facts about caterpillars will give you new respect for what remarkable creatures they are. A Caterpillar Has Just One Job -- to Eat During the larval stage, the caterpillar must consume enough to sustain itself through its pupal stage and into adulthood. Without proper nutrition, it may not have the energy to complete its metamorphosis. Malnourished caterpillars may reach adulthood, but be unable to produce eggs. Caterpillars can eat an enormous amount during a life cycle stage that typically lasts several weeks. Some consume 27,000 times their body weight during this life phase. Caterpillars Increase Their Body Mass by as Much as 1,000 Times or More The larval stage of the life cycle is all about growth. Within the span of a few weeks, the caterpillar will grow exponentially. Because its cuticle, or skin, is only so pliable, the caterpillar will molt multiple times as it gains size and mass. The stage between molts is called an instar, and most caterpillars go through 5 to 6 instars before pupating. No wonder caterpillars consume so much food! A Caterpillars First Meal Is Usually Its Eggshell In most cases, when a caterpillar ecloses (hatches) from its egg, it will consume the remainder of the shell. The outer layer of the egg, called the chorion, is rich in protein and provides the new larva  with a nutritious start. A Caterpillar Has as Many as 4,000 Muscles in Its Body Thats one seriously muscle-bound insect! By comparison, humans have just 629 muscles in a considerably larger body. The caterpillars head capsule alone consists of 248 individual muscles, and about 70 muscles control each body segment. Remarkably, each of the 4,000 muscles is innervated by one or two neurons.   Caterpillars Have 12 Eyes On each side of its head, a caterpillar has 6 tiny eyelets, called stemmata, arranged in a semi-circle. One of the 6 eyelets is usually offset a bit and located closer to the antennae. You would think an insect with 12 eyes would have excellent eyesight, but thats not the case. The stemmata serve merely to help the caterpillar differentiate between light and dark. If you watch a caterpillar, youll notice it sometimes moves its head from side to side. This most likely helps it judge depth  and distance as it navigates somewhat blindly. Caterpillars Produce Silk Using modified salivary glands along the sides of their mouth, caterpillars can produce silk as needed. Some caterpillars, like gypsy moths, disperse by ballooning from the treetops on a silken thread. Others, such as eastern tent caterpillars or webworms, construct silk tents in which they live communally. Bagworms use silk to join dead foliage together into a shelter. Caterpillars also use silk when they pupate, either to suspend a chrysalis or to construct a cocoon. Caterpillars Have 6 Legs, Just as Adult Butterflies or Moths Do There are way more than 6 legs on most caterpillars youve seen, but most of those legs are false legs, called prolegs, which help the caterpillar hold onto plant surfaces and allow it to climb. The 3 pairs of legs on the caterpillars thoracic segments are the true legs, which it will retain in adulthood. A caterpillar may have up to 5 pairs of prolegs on its abdominal segments, usually including a terminal pair on the hind end.   Caterpillars Move in a Wavelike Motion, From Back to Front Caterpillars with a full complement of prolegs move in a fairly predictable motion. Usually, the caterpillar will first anchor itself using the terminal pair of prolegs and then reach forward with one pair of legs at a time, starting from the hind end. Theres more going on than just leg action, though. The caterpillars blood pressure changes as it moves forward, and its gut, which is basically a cylinder suspended inside its body, advances in sync with the head and rear end. Inchworms and loopers, which have fewer prolegs, move by pulling their hind ends forward in contact with the thorax and then extending their front half. Caterpillars Get Creative When It Comes to Self Defense Life at the bottom of the food chain can be tough, so caterpillars employ all kinds of strategies to avoid becoming a bird snack. Some caterpillars, such as the early instars of black swallowtails, look like bird droppings. Certain inchworms in the family Geometridae mimic twigs, and bear markings that resemble leaf scars or bark. Other caterpillars use the opposite strategy, making themselves visible with bright colors to advertise their toxicity. A few caterpillars, like the spicebush swallowtail, display large eyespots to deter birds from eating them. If youve ever tried to take a caterpillar from its host plant, only to have it fall to the ground, youve observed it using thanatosis to thwart your efforts to collect it. A swallowtail caterpillar can be identified by its smelly osmeterium, a special defensive stink gland just behind the head. Many Caterpillars Use the Toxins From Their Host Plants to Their Own Advantage Caterpillars and plants co-evolve. Some host plants produce toxic or foul-tasting compounds meant to dissuade herbivores from munching their foliage. But many caterpillars can sequester the toxins in their bodies, effectively using these compounds to protect themselves from predators. The classic example of this is the monarch caterpillar and its host plant, milkweed. The monarch caterpillar ingests glycosides produced by the milkweed plant. These toxins remain within the monarch through adulthood, making the butterfly unpalatable to birds and other predators. Sources Caterpillar locomotion: A new model for soft-bodied climbing and burrowing robots, Barry A. Trimmer, Ann E. Takesian, and Brian M. Sweet, Tufts University, 2006.Unique Means of Animal Locomotion Reported for First Time, Tufts University media release, July 22, 2010.Caterpillars of Eastern North America, David L. Wagner.Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd Edition, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardà ©, 2009.Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson, 2005.