Dna, The, And The Law Of The Independent Assortment

Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is what makes up every living thing, big or small. It can be thought of as a set of instructions, which tells cells what to do. DNA determines whether a person is female or male, their skin and eye color, as well as the color of their hair. The first person to begin discovering the complexities of DNA was Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk who lived in the 19th century. In 1865, Mendel was studying heredity in pea plants. For eight years, he grew over ten thousand pea plants, looking for patterns that would show him how certain traits were passed on from parent to child (DNA Learning Center, n.d.). After completing his research, Mendel postulated three laws to describe inheritance; they are: the Law of Dominance, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment. These laws determine the likelihood of the child receiving a specific trait from the parents (Science Clarified, n.d.). Mendel’s discoveries where groundbreaking, especially since it was done prior to the discovery of genes and chromosomes. Since Mendel’s time, our understanding of DNA, genes, and chromosomes has grown immensely, and much of this understanding and discoveries were influenced by Mendel’s research on pea plants. In 1928, Frederick Griffith, a medical officer in the army, was trying to find a vaccine that would cure streptococcus pneumoniae; also known as strep throat (C. O’Connor, 2008). Griffith conducted experiments using different strains ofShow MoreRelatedHeredity And Its Impact On The Field Of Heredity976 Words   |  4 Pagesknown scientists in this field of heredity are Gregor Mendel, Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin and finally James Watson and Francis Crick. In 1856 to 1863, Gregor Mendel conducted a series of experiments that lead to his discovery of the fundamental laws of genetics. His research was published in 1866 but it wasn’t fully accepted until three scientists named Erich Tschermak, Hugo de Vries, and Carl Correns in the 1900’s (Study.com, 2015) rediscovered his findings and retested them. He was an AugustinianRead MoreThe Discoveries Of The Discovery Of Dna957 Words   |  4 PagesThe discovery of DNA is arguably one of the most important breakthroughs of genetics in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its discovery is littered with successes, failures, and even heartache. Numerous scientists are attributed to the discovery of DNA as a genetic material and even many more are also credited to the discovery of the molecule, structure, and function. Without the work of these remarkable scientists, the medical advancements over the last 50 years would not be possible. In 1865Read MoreUsing One Cell Necessary For Life And Discusses Its Properties Of Life1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmolecules, and compounds. 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What is the structure of a DNA molecule? a. What forms the backbone of the DNA molecule? b. What kind of bonds occur between the 3 OH on the 3’ C of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next? b. What forms the â€Å"steps of the ladder†? c. What kind of bonds hold the nitrogen bases together? d. What is meant by anti-parallel strands? 12. What is Chargaff’s rule (what binds with what?) 13. How does DNA fold into a chromosome? (the 6 steps) 14. What is a nucleosome? 15. What areRead MoreBiology : Essential Biology Discussion1189 Words   |  5 Pagestheir cell structures improves. Ultimately, living things respond to stimuli reproduce, and have an order in their body structures. The basic chemical terminology for cells includes ribonucleic acids (RNA), lipids, glycans, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Important molecules to the lives of living organisms fall in two main groups; organic molecules and inorganic molecules (Wayne, 2009). Organic molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. On the other hand, inorganic moleculesRead MoreA Research Report On The Wisconsin Fast Plant Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneration based on phenotypic variations Understanding the fundamental laws of inheritance established by the father of Genetics, Gregor Mendel. He concluded that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits. Mendel s Laws of Heredity are usually stated as: 1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Where the Offspring

The Jane Austen - 789 Words

Jane Austen was born in Hampshire, England on December 16, 1775. Her father was Reverend George Austen and her mother was Cassandra Leigh Austen. Jane was the youngest daughter of a large, close family. She had six brothers and one sister. She was especially close to her sister and brother, Cassandra and Henry. When Jane was eight, she and her sister were sent to Oxford and then Southampton. Because of an outbreak of typhus, a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas, Jane nearly died. After this, both girls returned home. Jane and her sister then attended the Reading Ladies Boarding School, where they studied spelling, French, dancing, music and needlework. Jane continued to expand her knowledge after she left school. Under the supervision of her father, Jane learned to become the great author she is known as. In her teen years Jane started writing. She wrote poems, stories, and comical pieces for her familys entertainment. She consolidated several of these pieces of work into no tebooks. As she continued to practice within her writing, Jane became proficient at mocking the over-romantic and Gothic styles of the eighteenth-century novels. In some of her earlier publishing, you can find humorous novels with deliberately misspelled titles, â€Å"Love and Freindship†; an ironic â€Å"History of England†; and the book, â€Å"Lady Susan.† In 1795Jane met Tom Lefroy, the nephew of their neighbors. According to her letters to Cassandra, Jane spent an immense amount of time with TomShow MoreRelatedJane Austen And Jane Eyre1967 Words   |  8 Pagesand the Prejudice – Jane Austen Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte How is social class explored in both texts through the use of stylistic devices and how do the different perspectives help appeal to the audience? Introduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices, which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte areRead More jane austen Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pages Jane Austen lived from 1775 until 1817, a span of four decades that saw significant changes in English social, political, and economic life. At the time her birth, England was embroiled in a bitter struggle with its American colonies, the loss of which, several years later, proved to be a tremendous blow to English political and military prestige. Under the rule of George III, Englands political climate became increasingly unstable with constant struggles between the King and Whig politicians.Read MorePersuasion by Jane Austen1472 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen, considered one of the most famous Romantic writers during her time, was praised for her abilit y and skill to write a good characterization. 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Mrs. Bennet had perfectly plotted this scenario in hopes of Jane receiving more quality time withRead MoreFeminism, By Jane Austen1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, Emma, Austen presents a view of feminism that, at this point in time is quite outstanding for her to do. Men were the dominant gender and in England women remained submissive to the men at all times. Women had specific roles in the household and in society. When the girls are young, they are expected to obey their fathers until they are grown and passed off to a husband so they are financially supported at all times during their life. Emma is a story about the everyday life of EmmaRead MorePersuasion, By Jane Austen826 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Lopez Novel: Persuasion (1818) Author: Jane Austen (1775-1817) Central Characters: Anne Elliot, the sensible daughter of Sir Walter Elliot. She is the middle daughter and is often disregarded. Sir Walter Elliot, father of Elizabeth, Anne, and Mary ( Elliot Musgrove). 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Changes of setting, social standing, or time, for instance, are all examples of travel that result in the reinforcementRead MorePersuasion, By Jane Austen1550 Words   |  7 Pages Kathleen Hayes October 2nd, 2014 Paper #1 Prompt #9 In Jane Austen’s Persuasion, it may appear to some readers that Austen writes from a conservative perspective that reinforces women’s submissive and inferior roles in society. Many of the female characters seem to perpetuate traditional and oppressive gender roles, and a central plot line for most of the female characters involves finding a man to marry as a means of attaining ultimate happiness. However, while there are many examples of Austen’sRead MoreEmma, By Jane Austen1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma,† conversations reveal the social concerns and the character of its participants. Each contributor has a unique and therefore biased perspective that informs how they appear in a conversation. The eponymous protagonist, Emma is oft seen making judgments whether in dialogue or through free indirect discourse, such that her own shortcomings and biases are elucidated. Emma willing enters into a disagreement with her step-brothe r, Mr. Knightley, on the elusive Frank Churchill.Read MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. Its themes and symbols are understandable to even the most modern of reader. One of the many themes is sisterhood, something that is focused on constantly throughout the novel. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, finds many of her decisions to be based upon the actions of her sisters. Making sisterhood a main driving force. Whether they are confiding in each other for marriage

Leadership In Julius Ceasar Essay Example For Students

Leadership In Julius Ceasar Essay In Shakespeare s tragedy Julius Caesar, the use of diverse leaders plays an important role in the plot, showing vividly how strong personalities conflict. This is the case with Brutus and Cassius, the two leaders among the several conspirators. The story of Julius Caesar is set in ancient Rome during a time when Julius Caesar is to become king. This, however, angers Cassius, a nobleman, and he plots with Brutus and others to kill him before he becomes king. They do just that, justifying their actions by saying Caesar was too ambitious and would have gone insane with power. This backfires with the Roman citizens after an emotional speech by Mark Antony, Caesar s right hand man. This forces the conspirators to flee Rome and go to war with Antony and eventually take their own lives. Because of their great leadership qualities, Brutus and Cassius take the leader roles among the conspirators. Nevertheless, they at times do argue over the course of action. Though Brutus and Cassius are both similar in that they are great leaders, their differences in character are instrumental in determining the conclusion of the play. Despite their differences, Brutus and Cassius have similar traits that give rise to great leaders. Both Brutus and Cassius are noble, intelligent men. They usually have good intentions and understand the situation they are in. This is why they both agree to go along with the conspiracy to kill Caesar. The two also like to think out and plan their actions. They do this two significant times in the play. When the two plan Caesar s assassination and during the planning of the final move for Brutus and Cassius army. When the assassination is developing, Cassius thinks to kill Antony as well as Caesar saying, Mark Antony, so well beloved of Caesar, Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of him A shrewd contriver; and you know his means, If he improve them, may well stretch so far As to annoy us all. Which to prevent, Let Antony and Caesar fall together (2. 1. 157-162). Brutus, however, responds with his own reasoning, Our course will seen too bloody, Caius Cassius, To cut the head off and then hack at the limbs, Like wrath in death and envy afterwards; For Antony is but a limb of Caesar (2. . 163-166). They two are also self reliant and self-dependent. They can think and act for themselves as they should any great man says Cassius to Brutus, Men at some time are masters of their fates. The fault dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings. (1. 2. 139-141). These similarities of intelligence, ability to reason, and self dependence in the two make them very good leaders for others in the conspiracy to follow and obey. The characters of Brutus and Cassius are nevertheless very different in their ability to trust others. Brutus is a very trusting person, almost to the point of being na ve. He usually believes everyone is noble and has good intentions in mind. He doesn t think people can be someone other than what they seem. This is shown with his strong opinion of Antony, And for Mark Antony, think not of him; For he can do no more than Caesar s arm When Caesar s head is off (2. 1. 181-183). This opinion is very far from the truth as proven in the emotional speech Antony makes following Caesar s death. Cassius, on the other hand, was very much less trusting. He was usually suspicious of others and cautious to act. Cassius is the first to declare Antony will bring the downfall of the conspirators saying, A shrewd contriver; and you know his means, If he improve them, may well stretch so far As to annoy us all (2. 1. 159-161). He is also against letting Antony speak at Caesar s funeral before the citizens of Rome. His distrust in Antony, but failure to act accordingly, turns out to be a key influence to the play s outcome. .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .postImageUrl , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:hover , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:visited , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:active { border:0!important; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:active , .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6 .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ed0546de1eef4d5556ff186863dcdb6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is the Function of the Inspector In The Play as a Whole, to the Plot, Characters And the Audience EssayHe thinks that Mark Antony, as well as with Caesar, can not be trusted to act in agreement with his plans. Brutus overconfidence in others was the ultimate contributor to the conspirators death. During the planning stage of the conspiracy, Brutus is the one who makes the decision not to kill Antony. The rest followed his plan because of his honor, rather than his logic, and therefore not the consequences of his over trusting judgement. Brutus and Cassius differences in motives are also a precursor to their motives throughout the play. Cassius is a very self-serving; he is loyal to himself above all else. As he states in the early part of the play, Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius (1. 3. 90). In the previous scene he convinces Brutus to join the conspiracy by exploiting his honor and nobility. This is obvious when he concludes his argument with, I am glad that my weak words Have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus (1. 2. 176-177). Cassius motives for killing Caesar are primarily jealousy and envy, rather than Caesar s ambition, which he uses to convince Brutus. Brutus, in contrast, is very patriotic and loyal to his country and its citizens. Brutus makes his intentions clear right from the start of the conspiracy asserting to Cassius about Caesar, That you do love me, I am nothing jealous (1. 2. 162). He honestly murdered his friend out of fear of his ambition, as he says in the funeral speech, Brutus love to Caesar was no less that his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more I honor him, but as he was ambitious, I slew him (3. . 19-22, 26-27). He goes on to promise the crowd when it suits the country for his death, he will do the same to himself (3. 2. 46-47). This clearly illustrates his priorities when it comes to allegiance, and this is why, in his mind, Caesar had to die. Even after he is forced to flee Rome, he knows he must fight Antony because he is afraid Antony will become a tyrant. The contrasting motives of Brutus and Cassius greatly affected their choices and as a result so were the events leading to their outcome. Despite the many strong leadership characteristics Brutus and Cassius share, their considerable differences in trust and loyalty are the ultimate factors that influence the conclusion of the play. Both of these characters have great qualities such as intelligence, self-dependence, and reasoning ability that make them excellent leaders. It, however, is their differences that govern the end result of the conspiracy. The single most outstanding decision of the play was when the conspirators resolved not to kill Antony along with Caesar. Brutus overwhelming trust of Antony led him to believe Antony was not going to be a problem. There are many implications of leadership as seen in Julius Caesar. Those who tend to exhibit strong leadership characteristics will have much more impact on those who tend to stand back and fall into the crowd, even if the decisions being made are illogical. When two strong leaders interact, there usually is a disagreement on the course of action, which can be harmful for the group. The strong characters of Brutus and Cassius, and the weaker conspirators, prove both these conclusions.

The Catcher in the Rye and 1984 Alienation Essay Example

The Catcher in the Rye and 1984: Alienation Paper The Catcher in the Rye and 1984: Alienation BY JEWELS2660g Alienation is defined as the state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved. In the novels The Catcher in the Rye and 1984 alienation is a main theme. Catcher in the Rye and 1984 show characters who are not normal and who are different from the rest of society which results in their Alienation. Alienation is a feeling of not belonging. One of the biggest factors that cause alienation is the need to fit in and be accepted in society. Whether it is alienation from civilization or alienation from society, drastic changes occur; Just like in 1984 and the catcher in the rye. Both these novels show proof of how alienation can change a person and their whole life. Alienation is shown in the catcher in the rye by how Holden alienates himself from society . In 1984 Winston feels alienated because he thinks hes the only person who wants to rebel against big brother and he thinks hes the only one who can remember the past. Both these stories shows many examples of alienation and it is what destroys the main characters in 1984 and the catcher in the rye. From the very first scene of Catcher in the Rye, when the main character Holden doesnt go to the football game that the rest of his school is going to, it is clear that Holden doesnt fit in and that he is alienated from the rest of society. Throughout the novel, Holden is excluded and victimized by the world around him. As he says to Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye and 1984: Alienation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye and 1984: Alienation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye and 1984: Alienation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually trys to find his way in a world where he thinks he doesnt belong. As the novel continues, we see that Holdens alienation is his way of protecting himself. The truth is that interactions ith other people confuse and overwhelm him. Holden trys to alienate himself from all the phonies around him because he doesnt want to turn into them. Holdens alienation is the cause of most of his pain. When I finally got down off the radiator and went out to the hat-check room, I was crying and all. I dont know why, but I was. I guess it was because I was feeling so damn depressed and lonesome (salinger ). He desperately needs human contact and love, but his bitterness prevents him from looking for such interaction. Alienation is both the source of Holdens strength and the source of his problems. For example, his loneliness motivates him to go on a date with Sally Hayes, but his need for isolation causes him to insult her and push her away. Holden pushes everyone he knows away because he thinks they are all Just phonies. The first thing I did when I got off at Penn Station, I went into this phone booth. I felt like giving somebody a buzz but as soon as I was inside, I couldnt think of anybody to call up (Salinger , 9) Holden has alienated himself and blocked every single one of his friends away because he thinks he is better then all of them and he gets easily annoyed with them. Alienation is an important theme of catcher in the rye and it is one of the main sources for the main characters problems. Alienation is inescapable in a society like the one in 1984 where human bonds and human emotions have been destroyed. the main character of 1984, Winston, is alone, but he is not able to feel any real emotion. He is a stranger to his own life and his own identity. he was alone. The past was dead, the future unimaginable (Orwell. In an place where all of his behaviours are controlled and where all his life is recorded , Winston Smith has troubles about trusting others. Because of this lack of rust that Winston possesses, he cannot be close to anybody and he is therefore alienated. Every citizen of oceania believes what Big Brother says and they are ignorant to the truth. Winston thinks hes the only person who knows the truth to what Big Brother is saying so he feels very alienated. was he, then, ALONE in the possession of a memory'(Orwell, 75)? until Winston meets Julia, he is completely alone and he believes theyre is no one like him in his country. The novel 1984 is full of alienation and its a main theme of 1984. without alienation 1984 would be a totally different novel and Winston would be very different.